Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

OOP is a paradigm based on objects—which contain both data and behavior.
It supports concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, abstraction, and polymorphism.

Advantages of OOP

1. Modularity

• Breaks complex systems into manageable parts.

2. Security

• Data is protected using access control.

3. Flexibility and Scalability

• Easy to add or modify features.

4. Better Code Organization

• Encourages collaboration and readability.

5. Easy Maintenance

• Changes can be made to specific objects/classes without affecting others.

6. Reusability

• Reusable components save time and reduce redundancy.

7. Productivity

• Libraries and existing code speed up development.

8. Polymorphism

• Allows one interface to work with different types of objects.

Disadvantages of OOP

1. Steep Learning Curve

• Complex concepts for beginners.

2. Performance Overhead

• Consumes more memory and processing than procedural code.

3. Increased Complexity

• Many objects and relationships make systems harder to manage.

4. Overdesign Risk

• Too much abstraction can complicate the design.

5. Tight Coupling

• Poor design can make classes overly dependent on one another.